Einzig das hat Anspruch auf Beachtung, was Zeugnis der Ehre ist.“ ―Erasmus von Rotterdam "The Birth Dates of John Colet and Erasmus of Rotterdam: Fresh Documentary Evidence," Renaissance Quarterly, The University of Chicago Press on behalf of the Renaissance Society of America, Vol. bei oder in Rotterdam als illegitimer Sohn eines Priesters und einer Arzttochter.Desiderius Erasmus („erwünschter Liebling“) wurde Priester. Erasmus von Rotterdam. [22] It is said that he never seemed to have actively worked as a priest for a long time,[23] and certain abuses in religious orders were among the chief objects of his later calls to reform the Church from within. In 1535 Erasmus published the fifth (and final) edition which dropped the Latin Vulgate column but was otherwise similar to the fourth edition. Pope Leo X later made the dispensation permanent, a considerable privilege at the time. [89], Dutch Renaissance humanist, philosopher, Catholic priest and theologian (1466-1536), Spain's polyglot Bible and Erasmus's Greek New Testament. [citation needed]. [66] The conclusions Erasmus reached drew upon a large array of notable authorities, including, from the Patristic period, Origen, John Chrysostom, Ambrose, Jerome, and Augustine, in addition to many leading Scholastic authors, such as Thomas Aquinas and Duns Scotus. Together, the first and second editions sold 3,300 copies. Damit setzt sie die auch schon vorher mit Landesstiftungen praktizierte Strategie fort, sich mit dem Namen des niederländischen Renaissance-Humanisten Erasmus von Rotterdam (1466-1536) zu schmücken. Thus the victory will be yours if we allow you to be not the steward but the lord of Holy Scripture.[60]. Erasmus published a fourth edition in 1527 containing parallel columns of Greek, Latin Vulgate and Erasmus's Latin texts. Juli 1536, — innerhalb des Geschlechts, das ihn bewunderte, durch Klarheit und Schärfe des Verstandes, durch Kenntniß der alten Litteratur und feinen Geschmack den Meisten überlegen, … If these were the outcomes of reform, he was thankful that he had kept out of it. Most importantly, he extolled the reading of scripture as vital because of its power to transform and motivate toward love. [62] However, he supported lay access to the Bible. Oktober 1466 in Rotterdam geboren. Swan, Jesse G. "Erasmus, Calin, Reading and Living," in: Rabil, Albert. His last years were embittered by controversies with men toward whom he was sympathetic. [62] However, he supported lay access to the Bible. Erasmus lived against the backdrop of the growing European religious Reformation. Then he polished the language. 32, No. [15] He was christened "Erasmus" after the saint of that name. By the 1560s, however, there was a marked change in reception. Erasmus died suddenly in Basel in 1536 while preparing to return to Brabant and was buried in Basel Minster, the former cathedral of the city. "Free will does not exist", according to Luther in his letter De Servo Arbitrio to Erasmus translated into German by Justus Jonas (1526), in that sin makes human beings completely incapable of bringing themselves to God. Erasmus responded with a lengthy, two-part Hyperaspistes (1526–27). Only fifteen errors have been found in the entire six volumes and four languages of Cisneros's bible, an extraordinarily low number for the time. Zu den Vorreitern des Humanismus in Italien zählen Petrarca im 13. und die Familie Medici aus Florenz im 15. As a result of his reformatory activities, Erasmus found himself at odds with both of the great parties. He wrote, "It is better to cure a sick man than to kill him."[68]. While at Stein, Erasmus fell in love with a fellow canon, Servatius Rogerus,[24] and wrote a series of passionate letters in which he called Rogerus "half my soul", writing that "I have wooed you both unhappily and relentlessly". Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration, Oxford University Press, 1992, p. 102. His last years were embittered by controversies with men toward whom he was sympathetic. Between 1997 and 2009, one of the main metro lines of the city was named Erasmuslijn. Mendoza, J. Carlos Vizuete; Llamazares, Fernando; Sánchez, Julio Martín; Mancha, Universidad de Castilla-La (2002). [72], With the collaboration of Publio Fausto Andrelini, he formed a paremiography (collection) of Latin proverbs and adages, commonly titled Adagia.He is credited with coining the adage, "In the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king. These illegitimate sons were often granted a dispensation, which gave them equality to children born in marriage. Nevertheless, his reception is demonstrable among Swiss Protestants in the sixteenth century: he had an indelible influence on the biblical commentaries of, for example, Konrad Pellikan, Heinrich Bullinger, and John Calvin, all of whom used both his annotations on the New Testament and his paraphrases of same in their own New Testament commentaries. Erasmus of Rotterdam was born as the second son of a priest and his housekeeper sometime between 1464 and 1469. Erasmus war das zweite Kind dieser Liebesbeziehung. Osnabrucae, 1715. Yet he was ever more bitterly accused of having started the whole "tragedy" (as the Catholics dubbed Protestantism). Mit seinem Basler Verleger aber setzt er sich durch. But by first calling the final product Novum Instrumentum omne ("All of the New Teaching") and later Novum Testamentum omne ("All of the New Testament") he also indicated clearly that he considered a text in which the Greek and the Latin versions were consistently comparable to be the essential core of the church's New Testament tradition. It was not for lack of fidelity with either side but a desire for fidelity with them both: I detest dissension because it goes both against the teachings of Christ and against a secret inclination of nature. Sein Werk wurde später die Grundlage für die deutsche Ausgabe des Neue… In the second (1519) edition, the more familiar term Testamentum was used instead of Instrumentum. Several schools, faculties and universities in the Netherlands and Belgium are named after him, as is Erasmus Hall in Brooklyn, New York, USA.The European Union's Erasmus Programme scholarships enable students to spend up to a year of their university courses in a university in another European country. Information on his family and early life comes mainly from vague references in his writings. However, during preparations for the move in 1536, he suddenly died from an attack of dysentery during a visit to Basel. Again, in 1529, he writes "An epistle against those who falsely boast they are Evangelicals"[54] to Vulturius Neocomus (Gerardus Geldenhouwer). ...The solemn prayers of the Church are abolished, but now there are very many who never pray at all. In this controversy Erasmus lets it be seen that he would like to claim more for free will than St. Paul and St. Augustine seem to allow according to Luther's interpretation. ...They have fled from Judaism that they may become Epicureans.[56]. According to him the Comma was known to Tertullian. Univ de Castilla La Mancha. Desiderius Erasmus, oft auch Erasmus von Rotterdam, war eine zentrale Figur jener Erneuerungsbewegung, die man als „Humanismus“ bezeichnet. The Dutch scholar Erasmus was the dominant figure of the early sixteenth-century humanist movement (a movement during the Renaissance period devoted to human welfare). /12.Juli 1536 in Basel) war ein bedeutender niederländischer Gelehrter des Renaissance-Humanismus.Er wurde in den Burgundischen Niederlanden, einem Teil des Heiligen Römischen Reiches, geboren und war Theologe, Priester, Augustiner-Chorherr, Philologe und … ...I have never entered their conventicles, but I have sometimes seen them returning from their sermons, the countenances of all of them displaying rage, and wonderful ferocity, as though they were animated by the evil spirit. According to his letters, he was associated with the Venetian natural philosopher, Giulio Camillo,[37] but apart from this he had a less active association with Italian scholars than might have been expected. He took vows there in late 1488[21] and was ordained to the Catholic priesthood on 25 April 1492. Erasmus had been unable to find those verses in any Greek manuscript, but one was supplied to him during production of the third edition. "[67] Although Erasmus did not oppose the Catholic Counter-Reformation and the punishment of heretics, in individual cases he generally argued for moderation and against the death penalty. He lays down both sides of the argument impartially. He added a dedication, affirming his belief in the reality of the Body of Christ after consecration in the Eucharist, commonly referred to as transubstantiation. This is clearly evidenced by the fact that his Greek text is not just the basis for his Latin translation, but also the other way round: there are numerous instances where he edits the Greek text to reflect his Latin version. In modern terminology, he made the two traditions "compatible". After comparing what writings he could find, Erasmus wrote corrections between the lines of the manuscripts he was using (among which was Minuscule 2) and sent them as proofs to Froben. [citation needed] He tried to free the methods of scholarship from the rigidity and formalism of medieval traditions, but he was not satisfied with this. Moderate Catholics recognized him as a leading figure in attempts to reform the Church, while Protestants recognized his initial support for Luther's ideas and the groundwork he laid for the future Reformation, especially in biblical scholarship. Zu den bekanntesten Humanisten nördlich der Alpen zählt Erasmus von Rotterdam. As regards the Reformation, Erasmus was accused by the monks to have: prepared the way and was responsible for Martin Luther. [citation needed] He did however assist his friend John Colet by authoring Greek textbooks and procuring members of staff for the newly established St Paul's School. Trotzdem lehnte er Luther und die Reformation ab. Eramus is credited with saying "When I get a little money I buy books; and if any is left, I buy food and clothes. [65] For Erasmus the essential point is that humans have the freedom of choice. Find books Though he sought to remain firmly neutral in doctrinal disputes, each side accused him of siding with the other, perhaps because of his neutrality. According to an article by historian Renier Snooy (1478–1537), Erasmus was born in Gouda. For instance, since the last six verses of Revelation were missing from his Greek manuscript, Erasmus translated the Vulgate's text back into Greek. Dann zum Unglück der Kinder starben beide Elternteile k… The gospel, the word of God, faith, Christ, and Holy Spirit – these words are always on their lips; look at their lives and they speak quite another language.[53]. Twice in the course of the great discussion, he allowed himself to enter the field of doctrinal controversy, a field foreign to both his nature and his previous practices. [14] During his stay there the curriculum was renewed by the principal of the school, Alexander Hegius. I doubt that either side in the dispute can be suppressed without grave loss. Until the early 20th century, Queens' College used to have a corkscrew that was purported to be "Erasmus's corkscrew", which was a third of a metre long; as of 1987, the college still had what it calls "Erasmus's chair". Étienne Dolet wrote a riposte titled Erasmianus in 1535. [25][26] This correspondence contrasts sharply with the generally detached and much more restrained attitude he showed in his later life. This edition was used by Martin Luther in his German translation of the Bible, written for people who could not understand Latin. His legacy is marked for someone who complained bitterly about the lack of comforts and luxuries to which he was accustomed. This and several of his other works are said to have provided a starting point for a philosophy of language, though Erasmus did not produce a completely elaborated system. Here Erasmus complains of the doctrines and morals of the Reformers: You declaim bitterly against the luxury of priests, the ambition of bishops, the tyranny of the Roman Pontiff, and the babbling of the sophists; against our prayers, fasts, and Masses; and you are not content to retrench the abuses that may be in these things, but must needs abolish them entirely. The fear of their publishing first, though, affected Erasmus's work, rushing him to printing and causing him to forgo editing. Machiavelli stated that, to maintain control by political force, it is safer for a prince to be feared than loved. The Spanish copy was approved for publication by the Pope in 1520; however, it was not released until 1522 due to the team's insistence on reviewing and editing. For example, in De libero arbitrio, opposing certain views of Martin Luther, Erasmus noted that religious disputants should be temperate in their language, "because in this way the truth, which is often lost amidst too much wrangling may be more surely perceived." Chicago, ALA Editions. Basel, Switzerland. He believes that the things which are the least ostentatious can be the most significant, and that the Church constitutes all Christian people – that despite contemporary references to clergy as the whole of the Church, they are merely its servants. Eine unerhörte Idee. Erasmus wurde am 27./28.10.1466 unehelich in Rotterdam geboren. One of the topics he dealt with was free will, a crucial question. The exact year of his birth is controversial but most agree it was in 1466. On 11 July, the Night of Erasmus celebrates the lasting influence of his work. Download books for free. [citation needed], The popularity of his books is reflected in the number of editions and translations that have appeared since the sixteenth century. [citation needed] However, feeling that the lack of sympathy that prevailed at Leuven at that time was actually a form of mental persecution, he sought refuge in Basel, where under the shelter of Swiss hospitality he could express himself freely. Nashville: Holman Reference, 2000, p. 344. [citation needed] Throughout his life, he was offered positions of honor and profit in academia but declined them all, preferring the uncertain but sufficient rewards of independent literary activity. Gemälde von Hans Holbein dem Jüngeren. [citation needed] Johann Froben published it first within a revised edition of the Adagia in 1515, then as a stand-alone work in 1517. Desiderius Erasmus von Rotterdam war ein bedeutender niederländischer Gelehrter, Theologe und Kirchenkritiker der europäischen Aufklärung (u. a. The Age of Erasmus, Lectures Delivered in the Universities of Oxford and London, by P. S. Allen, Clarendon Press 1914, criticism of clerical corruption and abuses within the Catholic Church, De libero arbitrio diatribe sive collatio, Queen Mary of Hungary, Regent of the Netherlands, A Playne and Godly Exposition or Declaration of the Commune Crede, The first tome or volume of the Paraphrase of Erasmus vpon the newe testamente, http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05510b.htm, "Erasmus: A Study of His Life Ideals And Place in History", Cahier Calin: Makers of the Middle Ages. According to Jan van Herwaarden, this is consistent with his view that outward signs were not important; what mattered is the believer's direct relationship with God, which he noted "as the [Catholic] church believes". Galli, Mark, and Olsen, Ted. On 11 July, the Night of Erasmus celebrates the lasting influence of his work. Desiderius Erasmus is reported to have been born in Rotterdam on 28 October in the late 1460s. When the city of Basel definitely adopted the Reformation in 1529, Erasmus gave up his residence there and settled in the imperial town of Freiburg im Breisgau. Epistola contra quosdam qui se falso iactant evangelicos. According to his letters, he was associated with the Venetian natural philosopher, Giulio Camillo,[37] but apart from this he had a less active association with Italian scholars than might have been expected. "[citation needed] The Enchiridion is more like a sermon than a satire. Das Buch "Laus stultitiae" - "Lob der Torheit" gilt als sein bekanntestes Werk. Some have taken this as evidence of an illicit affair. Erasmus was particularly impressed by the Bible teaching of John Colet, who pursued a style more akin to the church fathers than the Scholastics. In 1475, at the age of nine, he and his older brother Peter were sent to one of the best Latin schools in the Netherlands, located at Deventer and owned by the chapter clergy of the Lebuïnuskerk (St Lebuin's Church),[14] though some earlier biographies assert it was a school run by the Brethren of the Common Life. His education there ended when plague struck the city about 1483, and his mother, who had moved to provide a home for her sons, died from the infection.[14]. In this edition Erasmus also supplied the Greek text of the last six verses of Revelation (which he had translated from Latin back into Greek in his first edition) from Cardinal Ximenez's Biblia Complutensis. In this controversy Erasmus lets it be seen that he would like to claim more for free will than St. Paul and St. Augustine seem to allow according to Luther's interpretation. Priests are supposed to be pure, yet when they stray, no one condemns them. de Laude Matrimonii: Querela Pacis: Institutio Principis Christiani Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years. During his first visit to England in 1499, he taught at the University of Oxford. "Erasmus: Recent Critical Editions and Translations,", Desiderius Erasmus: "War is sweet to those who have no experience of it ..." Protest against Violence and War -, This page was last edited on 15 February 2021, at 17:28. Die Abiturstufen 12 und 13 des Jahrgangs 2013 machten kurzer Hand die Schule dicht und erfreuten die anderen Mitschüler neben Unterrichtsausfall noch mit einem Programm das einiges zu bieten hatte. Later versions of the Greek New Testament by others, but based on Erasmus's Greek New Testament, became known as the Textus Receptus.[49]. In a way it is legitimate to say that Erasmus "synchronized" or "unified" the Greek and the Latin traditions of the New Testament by producing an updated translation of both simultaneously. [14][17][19] Although he was born out of wedlock, Erasmus was cared for by his parents until their early deaths from the Plague in 1483. Most importantly, he extolled the reading of scripture as vital because of its power to transform and motivate toward love. "[75], Erasmus also wrote of the legendary Frisian freedom fighter and rebel Pier Gerlofs Donia (Greate Pier), though more often in criticism than in praise of his exploits. While his intentions for publishing a fresh Latin translation are clear, it is less clear why he included the Greek text. His residence at Leuven, where he lectured at the University, exposed Erasmus to much criticism from those ascetics, academics and clerics hostile to the principles of literary and religious reform and to the loose norms of the Renaissance adherents to which he was devoting his life. He obtained it in 1516 from both Pope Leo X, to whom he would dedicate his work, and Emperor Maximilian I. Erasmus's Greek New Testament was published first, in 1516, forcing the Spanish team of Cisneros to wait until 1520 to publish their Complutensian Polyglot Bible. [2][3][4] As a Catholic priest, Erasmus was an important figure in classical scholarship who wrote in a pure Latin style. MacCulloch, Diarmaid. Erasmus used several Greek manuscript sources because he did not have access to a single complete manuscript. Show me any one person who by that Gospel has been reclaimed from drunkenness to sobriety, from fury and passion to meekness, from avarice to liberality, from reviling to well-speaking, from wantonness to modesty. Though some speculate that he intended to produce a critical Greek text or that he wanted to beat the Complutensian Polyglot into print, there is no evidence to support this. [citation needed]. This solidified his view of his origin as a stain and cast a pall over his youth. ], Rotterdam, Holland [now in the Netherlands]—died July 12, 1536, Basel, Switzerland), Dutch humanist who was the greatest scholar of the northern Renaissance, the first editor of the New Testament, and also an important figure in patristics and classical literature.. Desiderius Erasmus von Rotterdam (* vermutlich am 28. Osnabrucae, 1715. His friendship with Fisher is the reason he chose to stay at Queens' while lecturing in Greek at the University.[33]. Nevertheless, his reception is demonstrable among Swiss Protestants in the sixteenth century: he had an indelible influence on the biblical commentaries of, for example, Konrad Pellikan, Heinrich Bullinger, and John Calvin, all of whom used both his annotations on the New Testament and his paraphrases of same in their own New Testament commentaries. [32] From 1505 to 1508 Erasmus's friend, Chancellor John Fisher, was president of Queens' College. [50], The Protestant Reformation began in the year following the publication of his edition of the Greek New Testament (1516) and tested Erasmus's character. The content of Erasmus's works also engaged with later thought on the state of the question, including the perspectives of the via moderna school and of Lorenzo Valla, whose ideas he rejected. Erasmus saw him as a dim, brutal man who preferred physical strength to wisdom. ...Look around on this 'Evangelical' generation,[55] and observe whether amongst them less indulgence is given to luxury, lust, or avarice, than amongst those whom you so detest. [citation needed], The writings of Erasmus exhibit a continuing concern with language, and in 1525 he devoted an entire treatise to the subject, Lingua. Auch unter seinen Weggefährten sind seine Methoden umstritten, gefährden sie doch die traditionelle Auslegung, den Glauben und die Stabilität der Kirche. [citation needed] The University was then the chief seat of Scholastic learning but already coming under the influence of Renaissance humanism. The first and second edition texts did not include the passage (1 John 5:7–8) that has become known as the Comma Johanneum. The true point of the Church is to help people lead Christian lives. He collected all the Vulgate manuscripts he could find to create a critical edition. He believes that the things which are the least ostentatious can be the most significant, and that the Church constitutes all Christian people – that despite contemporary references to clergy as the whole of the Church, they are merely its servants. [77] A satirical attack on superstitions and other traditions of European society in general and the western Church in particular, it was dedicated to Sir Thomas More, whose name the title puns. He was buried with great ceremony in Basel Minster (the former cathedral) there.[9]. His last words, as recorded by his friend Beatus Rhenanus, were apparently "Dear God" (Dutch: Lieve God). [17], Erasmus was given the highest education available to a young man of his day, in a series of monastic or semi-monastic schools. I will show you a great many who have become worse through following it. He criticizes the riches of the popes, believing that it would be better for the Gospel to be most important. [29] His time in England was fruitful in the making of lifelong friendships with the leaders of English thought in the days of King Henry VIII: John Colet, Thomas More, John Fisher, Thomas Linacre and William Grocyn. Immediately afterwards, he began the publication of his Paraphrases of the New Testament, a popular presentation of the contents of the several books. DESIDERIUS ERASMUS ROTERODAMUS (1466-1536) Moriae Encomium: Scripta Selecta: Colloquia. "[86] Thus, the universalist ideals of Erasmus are sometimes claimed to be important for fixing global governance.[87]. This is clearly evidenced by the fact that his Greek text is not just the basis for his Latin translation, but also the other way round: there are numerous instances where he edits the Greek text to reflect his Latin version. The "Diatribe" did not encourage any definite action; this was its merit to the Erasmians and its fault in the eyes of the Lutherans. Erasmus had been unable to find those verses in any Greek manuscript, but one was supplied to him during production of the third edition. [73], His more serious writings begin early with the Enchiridion militis Christiani, the "Handbook of the Christian Soldier" (1503 – translated into English a few years later by the young William Tyndale). Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (/ˌdɛzɪˈdɪəriəs ɪˈræzməs/; English: Erasmus of Rotterdam;[note 1] 28 October 1466 - 12 July 1536) was a Dutch philosopher and Christian scholar who is widely considered to have been one of the greatest scholars of the northern Renaissance. The library: an illustrated history. [11] A 17th-century legend has it that Erasmus was first named Geert Geerts (also Gerhard Gerhards or Gerrit Gerritsz),[12] but this is unfounded. [27] No personal denunciation was made of Erasmus during his lifetime, however, and he took pains in later life to distance these earlier episodes by condemning sodomy in his works, and praising sexual desire in marriage between men and women.[28]. [79], The Ciceronianus came out in 1528, attacking the style of Latin that was based exclusively and fanatically on Cicero's writings. Zu dieser Zeit arbeitete der Künstler viel im Genre der Illustration und führte Werke für die Bibel und andere Bücher auf, einschließlich des berühmten "Praise of Folly" seines neuen Freundes. Died: July 12, 1536. In a letter to a friend, Erasmus once had written: "That you are patriotic will be praised by many and easily forgiven by everyone; but in my opinion it is wiser to treat men and things as though we held this world the common fatherland of all. His last words, as recorded by his friend Beatus Rhenanus, were apparently "Dear God" (Dutch: Lieve God). Ausländische Gelehrte reisten nach Italien und brachten die Ideen des Humanismus von dort mit. As a Catholic priest, Erasmus was an important figure in classical scholarship who wrote in a pure Latin style. Much like the Brethren of the Common Life, he wrote that the New Testament is the law of Christ people are called to obey and that Christ is the example they are called to imitate. Among humanists he enjoyed the sobriquet "Prince of the Humanists", and has been called "the crowning glory of the Christian humanists". Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (/ˌdɛzɪˈdɪəriəs ɪˈræzməs/; English: Erasmus of Rotterdam;[note 1] 28 October 1466 - 12 July 1536) was a Dutch philosopher and Christian scholar who is widely considered to have been one of the greatest scholars of the northern Renaissance. [85], By the coming of the Age of Enlightenment, however, Erasmus increasingly again became a more widely respected cultural symbol and was hailed as an important figure by increasingly broad groups. [citation needed] According to Thomas Penn, Erasmus was "ever susceptible to the charms of attractive, well-connected, and rich young men". [citation needed], The popularity of his books is reflected in the number of editions and translations that have appeared since the sixteenth century. Ten columns of the catalogue of the British Library are taken up with the enumeration of the works and their subsequent reprints. His critiques reached an elite but small audience.[51]. [13] A well-known wooden picture indicates: Goudæ conceptus, Roterodami natus (Latin for Conceived in Gouda, born in Rotterdam). [80], In his native Rotterdam, the University and Gymnasium Erasmianum have been named in his honor. [79], The Ciceronianus came out in 1528, attacking the style of Latin that was based exclusively and fanatically on Cicero's writings. Only as an independent scholar could he hope to influence the reform of religion. [citation needed] He saw himself as a preacher of righteousness by an appeal to reason, applied frankly and without fear of the magisterium. For instance, something or someone ugly on the outside can be beautiful on the inside, which is one of the main points of Plato's dialogues featuring Alcibiades and the Symposion, in which Alcibiades also appears. Among humanists he enjoyed the sobriquet "Prince of the Humanists", and has been called "the crowning glory of the Christian humanists". So he included the Greek text to permit qualified readers to verify the quality of his Latin version. For the first time ever in Europe, Greek was taught at a lower level than a university[dubious – discuss] and this is where he began learning it. The Institutio principis Christiani or "Education of a Christian Prince" (Basel, 1516) was written as advice to the young king Charles of Spain (later Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor). Written to refute Martin Luther's doctrine of "enslaved will", according to. Erasmus Desiderius von Rotterdam besuchte die Schulen in Gouda und Deventer. The content of Erasmus's works also engaged with later thought on the state of the question, including the perspectives of the via moderna school and of Lorenzo Valla, whose ideas he rejected. To Philip Melanchthon in 1524 he wrote: I know nothing of your church; at the very least it contains people who will, I fear, overturn the whole system and drive the princes into using force to restrain good men and bad alike. 131 Christians Everyone Should Know. At the University of Cambridge, he was the Lady Margaret's Professor of Divinity and turned down the option of spending the rest of his life as a professor there.
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