Lexical difficulties Within the Indo-European family of languages, English belongs to the Germanic group, whereas Spanish is a Romance language, with its roots in vulgar Latin. the hell, Informal: Used as an intensifier to express surprise, anger, impatience, etc. exaggerate or to chat amiably), "Boy, was he sore." To this I can also add the already discussed idea that even native speakers can get more meanings from a ST and its translation than by simply reading the ST in original. Although the language of the Romanian version is much harsher, stronger and more direct as the original, it is the only way Romanian readers who do not speak English or who did not read the novel in original (depending thus entirely on its translation) can really understand the controversy created around the novel and why so many people censured and banned it. Also known as semantic meaning, denotative meaning, and central meaning. The origins of the Lexical Approach can be traced back to John R. Firth (1890 – 1960), who was one of the first linguists to argue that the meaning of a word is determined by the words it co-occurs with and popularise the term “ collocation ”. Not with poetry, and not even with prose, where the difficulty is generally assumed to be less. impress someone extremely), "...so I went down to the can and chewed the rag with him..." (can=toilet; Salinger. smaller vocabularies and less mature grammar than their peers. The following example point out that the writer’s style is so rich and full of different devices from which can be deduced the next translation difficulties which are find out from the novel during the process of analyzing the both variants of the novel English and Romanian: Use of contractions: you’ll, don’t, they’re, that’s, isn’t, he’s. ... Another lexical peculiarity that was used in this writing is one of the types of the interaction of different types of lexical meaning and this type is an interaction of logical and emotive meaning. (sore = angry, irritated) For this reason, the translator plays an important role as a bilingual or multi-lingual cross-cultural transmitter of culture and truths by attempting to interpret concepts and speech in a variety of texts as faithfully and accurately as possible. 7. flunk = fail aceea, în diminea?a urm?toare, la capel?, ne ?inea un discurs care dura vreo zece ceasuri!” (http://www.script.com:p.12) these two examples pointed out the presence of the functional equivalence of the elements in both languages with the identification of an invariant of identical meaning. This type is seen from the beginning of the third chapter in the phrase “…terrific liar….” (J. D. Salinger: p.14) was translate into Romanian such as “…mare mincinos…” (http://www.script.com:p.12). Indeed, they force us to look for a set of somehow Romanian equivalent expressions or structures in order to capture all these elements in our own translation. [15]. Noun Contrast with grammatical meaning (or structural meaning ). Another important type of translation difficulty that was used by the author J. D. Salinger in “The Catcher in the Rye” is textual (syntagmatic) equivalence. How to use lexical in a sentence. In the end of researching this paper was established two interesting facts, the first is :” The Catcher in the Rye can be strongly considered as one of the greatest novels of all time and Holden Caulfield distinguishes himself as one of the greatest and most diverse characters.”, The second is: “Written translation as well as oral one presents itself a complex and manifold process. to chew the rag = to converse), "I'll be up the creek if I don't get the goddamn thing in by Monday, ..." Learning was modulated by severity, with children with lower levels of language showing … This is not possible. 15. corny = not cool, old-fashioned Stuff is a collection of junk or a group of items or matter. Retrieved from https://phdessay.com/lexical-pecularities-and-translation-difficulties-in-the-catcher-in-the-rye-by-j-d-salinger-essay/, Lexical Pecularities and Translation Difficulties in ”The Catcher in the Rye” by J. D. Salinger. [12:p 77], 1. lousy  = not nice This ungrammatical usage emphasizes the disillusionment Holden feels because almost no one sees the world like he does-he constantly has to reassure him that others would do the same thing or feel the same way. In short, must take into account all the above mentioned elements while translating the text. It will be enough to recollect the difficulties that the translator faced with translating wonderful works of outstanding American writer J.D.Salinger. They’re nice and all – I’m not saying that – but. These writing “The Catcher in the Rye” especially the analyzed part the first fifty pages are full of slang. 2. touchy = sensitive (loaded = here: very rich, affluent) London 1995. Alex Gross,The Theories of Translation. and visits me practically every week-end. The general impression is that the Romanian translation is direct, it does not use so many euphemisms, it has more gains, its language is more modern, closer to the contemporary teenage colloquial speech, and more colorful. Stuff, in reference to one's privates. But it is what we aim at. Lexical Problems The Absence of Direct TL CounterpartsThe first lexical problem any translator faces is to have many vocabularies in the SL with no direct counterparts in the TL. "What really knocks me out is..."  (to knock someone out = to delight or Overcoming Lexical Challenges. The real thing, with the curtain of language somehow made transparent.” The researched material showed all the types of translation difficulties used in the work “The Catcher in the Ray” by the author. Use of short sentences and AND clauses that link short sentences: That isn’t too far from this crumby place. The Atlantic Bookshelf, Vol. ; Translate texts with the world's best machine translation technology, developed by the creators of Linguee. For listening, even advanced students have difficulty following a lecture because they don't catch the macro-organizing lexical phrase meanings that might help them find the direction the speaker is going and when the topic shifts. Printice Hall Literature American Experience, Second Edition, Printice Hall Edgewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Needham Massachusetts 1991; 12. This admission of the difficulties of writing only adds to the realism of the novel. There are also expressions that are used in American English only, such as most of the slangy utterances mentioned above.[13]. 25. made a stink = got upset Only by seeing the real function of the language can people understand why Salinger is a master in rendering and imitating teenagers’ colloquial speech and thus come closer to the essence of the novel. We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. Six types of lexical difficulties are added to the ones previously listed in the literature. 32. Finally, Holden senses sometimes that the words he is using are not quite right, that language fails him: "I don't exactly know what I mean by that," he says at one point, "but I mean it." 1. The Romanian translation is obviously courageous in the choice of words, modem in the choice of vocabulary and linguistic register.[2]. Stern, James. Translation from English into another language is not just a simple substitute of words from the English language by the words from another language. Cay Dollerup, Basics of Translation Studies, Institutul Europa; 23. In addition, there is discussion on synonymy and problems related to the translation of rhetorical devices. In this case, lexical comprehension difficulties take place when the L2 learner knows only one meaning of this kind of word and gets reluctant in abandon it, even when it is not appropriate for the context. 3, 16 July 1951, 20-1. Holden also has a tendency to use the undefined second-person pronoun, "you." human children or young people; historiographique, juridique,informatique. They’re quite touchy about anything like that, especially my father. .Salinger J. D. , The Catcher in the Ray, Penguin Book/Group 1958; 35. In this Research  Paper we have investigated various translation difficulties of from English into Russian. Rev. 1. de multiples étapes et qui exige plus d'une seule présentation de l'item, ce qui laisse l'apprenant la plupart du temps dans un état se situant entre l'ignorance totale et la connaissance complète. * bilexical * lexical analysis * lexical analyzer * lexical definition * lexical item * lexicality * lexically * lexical semantics * lexical unit * monolexical * polylexical Related terms * lexeme * lexicalisation, lexicalization * lexicon * lexis semantics . Roderick A. Jacobs, English Syntax, A Grammar for English Language Professionals, Oxford University Press 1995; 34. As there are no equivalent expressions in the target language, the nuances of this kind taken from the whole novel are lost in Romanian translation. 39. This has been mainly achieved by the careful and analytical comparison of some identical passages from the ST with its translations. He’s going to drive me home when I go home next month maybe. The notions of word and word meaning are problematic to pin down, and this is reflected in the difficulties one encounters in defining the basic terminology of lexical semantics. (up the creek = in trouble), "I got a big bang out of that." In some places, the repetitions become even language errors, revealing Holden’s natural, informal style: and how my parents were occupied and all before they had me, and all that David Copperfield kind of crap. le pl?te?ti?’ (http://www.script.com: p15) . that would have been impossible to do manually. It cost him damn near four thousand bucks. From the investigated material can be concluded that in the well-known novel “The Catcher in the Rye” by Salinger can be single out the important features of the translation difficulties which are in a great number in this novel. From the investigated material was defined that:” A translation difficulty is a problem that could be met in the process of translation because a translation is the same text in a different language. Focused on some of Holden’s linguistic repetitions and their importance, as well as on Salinger’s humor and comic effects and their renditions in the two versions. Basics. The translation is wrong or of bad quality. Clinical Forum The Lexicon and Phonology: Interactions in Language Acquisition Holly L. Storkel1 Michele L. Morrisette Indiana University, Bloomington 24 LANGUAGE, SPEECH, AND HEARING SERVICES IN SCHOOLS • Vol. One of lexical problems in translating the Holy Quran is the lack He wrote this terrific book of short stories, [...]. Used sarcastically or ironically to express the opposite of what is being stated. A list of personal pronoun is provided here: Personal Reference: I, you, he, she, we, you, they- used by the author in the writing are not equivalent with the Romanian example of this writing.
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